software testing-1
Explain the software development lifecycle.
There are seven stages of the software development lifecycle
1. Initiate the project – The users identify their Business requirements.
2. Define the project – The software development team translates the business requirements into system specifications and put together into System Specification Document.
3. Design the system – The System Architecture Team designs the system and write Functional Design Document. During design phase general solutions re hypothesized and data and process structures are organized.
4. Build the system – The System Specifications and design documents are given to the development team code the modules by following the Requirements and Design document.
5. Test the system - The test team develops the test plan following the requirements. The software is build and installed on the test platform after developers have completed development and Unit Testing. The testers test the software by following the test plan.
6. Deploy the system – After the user-acceptance testing and certification of the software, it is installed on the production platform. Demos and training are given to the users.
7. Support the system - After the software is in production, the maintenance phase of the life begins. During this phase the development team works with the development document staff to modify and enhance the application and the test team works with the test documentation staff to verify and validate the changes and enhancement to the application software.
What is software quality'?
OR
Define software quality for me, as you understand it?
Quality software is reasonably bug-free, delivered on time and within budget, meets requirements and/or expectations, and is maintainable. However, quality is obviously a subjective term. It will depend on who the 'customer' is and their overall influence in the scheme of things. Each type of 'customer' will have their own slant on 'quality' - the accounting department might define quality in terms of profits while an end-user might define quality as user-friendly and bug-free.
What's the role of documentation in QA?
Critical. (Note that documentation can be electronic, not necessarily paper.) QA practices should be documented such that they are repeatable. Specifications, designs, business rules, inspection reports, configurations, code changes, test plans, test cases, bug reports, user manuals, etc. should all be documented. There should ideally be a system for easily finding and obtaining documents and determining what documentation will have a particular piece of information. Change management for documentation should be used if possible.
At what stage of the SDLC does testing begin in your opinion?
QA process starts from the second phase of the Software Development Life Cycle i.e. Define the System. Actual Product testing will be done on Test the system phase (Phase-5). During this phase test team will verify the actual results against expected results.
Explain the pre testing phase, acceptance testing and testing phase.
Pre testing Phase:
1. Review the requirements document for the testability: Tester will use the requirement document to write the test cases.
2. Establishing the hard freeze date: Hard freeze date is a date after which system test team will not accept any more software and documentation changes from development team, unless they are fixes of severity 1 MR’s. The date is scheduled so that product test team will have time for final regression.
3. Writing master test plan: It is written by the lead tester or test coordinator. Master test plan includes entire testing plan, testing resources and testing strategy.
4. Setting up MR Tool: The MR tool must be set as soon as you know of the different modules in the product, the developers and testers on the product, the hardware platform, and operating system testing will be done.
This information will be available upon the completion of the first draft of the architecture document. Both testers and developers are trained how to use the system.
5. Setting up the test environment: The test environment is set on separate machines, database and network. This task is performed by the technical support team. First time it takes some time, Afterwards the same environment can be used by the later releases.
6. Writing the test plan and test cases: Template and the tool is decided to write the test plan, test cases and test procedures. Expected results are organized in the test plan according to the feature categories specified in the requirement document. For each feature positive and negative test cases are written. Writing test plan requires the complete understanding of the product and its interfaces with other systems. After test plan is completed, a walkthrough is conducted with the developers and design team members to baseline the test plan document.
7. Setting up the test automation tool: Planning of test strategy on how to automate the testing. Which test cases will be executed for regression testing. Not all the test cases will be executed during regression testing.
8. Identify acceptance test cases: Select subsets that are expected on the first day of system test. These tests must pass to accept the product in the system test.
Acceptance testing phase:
1. When the product enters system test, check it has completed integration test and must meet the integration test exit criteria.
2. Check integration exit criteria and product test entrance criteria in the master test plan or test strategy documents.
3. Check the integration testing sign off criteria sheet.
4. Coordinate release with product development.
5. How the code will be migrated from development environment to the test environment.
6. Installation and acceptance testing.
Product testing phase:
1. Running the test: Execution of test cases and verify if actual functionality of application matches the expected results.
2. Initial manual testing is recommended to isolate unexpected system behavior. Once application is stable automated regression test could be generated.
3. Issue MR’s upon detection of the bugs.
What is the value of a testing group? How do you justify your work and budget?
All software products contain defects/bugs, despite the best efforts of their development teams. It is important for an outside party (one who is not developer) to test the product from a viewpoint that is more objective and representative of the product user.
Testing group test the software from the requirements point of view or what is required by the user. Testers job is to examine a program and see if it does not do what it is supposed to do and also see what it does what it is not supposed to do.
What is master test plan? What it contains? Who is responsible for writing it?
OR
What is a test plan? Who is responsible for writing it? What it contains.
OR
What's a 'test plan'? What did you include in a test plan?
A software project test plan is a document that describes the objectives, scope, approach, and focus of a software testing effort. The process of preparing a test plan is a useful way to think through the efforts needed to validate the acceptability of a software product. The completed document will help people outside the test group understand the 'why' and 'how' of product validation. It should be thorough enough to be useful but not so thorough that no one outside the test group will read it. The following are some of the items that might be included in a test plan, depending on the particular project:
• Title
• Identification of software including version/release numbers
• Revision history of document including authors, dates, approvals
• Table of Contents
• Purpose of document, intended audience
• Objective of testing effort
• Software product overview
• Relevant related document list, such as requirements, design documents, other test plans, etc.
• Relevant standards or legal requirements
• Trace ability requirements
• Relevant naming conventions and identifier conventions
• Overall software project organization and personnel/contact-info/responsibilties
• Test organization and personnel/contact-info/responsibilities
• Assumptions and dependencies
• Project risk analysis
• Testing priorities and focus
• Scope and limitations of testing
• Test outline - a decomposition of the test approach by test type, feature, functionality, process, system, module, etc. as applicable
• Outline of data input equivalence classes, boundary value analysis, error classes
• Test environment - hardware, operating systems, other required software, data configurations, interfaces to other systems
• Test environment validity analysis - differences between the test and production systems and their impact on test validity.
• Test environment setup and configuration issues
• Software migration processes
• Software CM processes
• Test data setup requirements
• Database setup requirements
• Outline of system-logging/error-logging/other capabilities, and tools such as screen capture software, that will be used to help describe and report bugs
• Discussion of any specialized software or hardware tools that will be used by testers to help track the cause or source of bugs
• Test automation - justification and overview
• Test tools to be used, including versions, patches, etc.
• Test script/test code maintenance processes and version control
• Problem tracking and resolution - tools and processes
• Project test metrics to be used
• Reporting requirements and testing deliverables
• Software entrance and exit criteria
• Initial sanity testing period and criteria
• Test suspension and restart criteria
• Personnel allocation
• Personnel pre-training needs
• Test site/location
• Outside test organizations to be utilized and their purpose, responsibilties, deliverables, contact persons, and coordination issues
• Relevant proprietary, classified, security, and licensing issues.
• Open issues
• Appendix - glossary, acronyms, etc.
The team-lead or a Sr. QA Analyst is responsible to write this document.
Why is test plan a controlled document?
Because it controls the entire testing process. Testers have to follow this test plan during the entire testing process.
What information you need to formulate test plan?
Need the Business requirement document to prepare the test plan.
What is MR?
MR is a Modification Request also known as Defect Report, a request to modify the program so that program does what it is supposed to do.
Why you write MR?
MR is written for reporting problems/errors or suggestions in the software.
What information does MR contain?
OR
Describe me to the basic elements you put in a defect report?
OR
What is the procedure for bug reporting?
The bug needs to be communicated and assigned to developers that can fix it. After the problem is resolved, fixes should be re-tested, and determinations made regarding requirements for regression testing to check that fixes didn't create problems elsewhere. If a problem-tracking system is in place, it should encapsulate these processes. A variety of commercial problem-tracking/management software tools are available.
The following are items to consider in the tracking process:
• Complete information such that developers can understand the bug, get an idea of its severity, and reproduce it if necessary.
• Bug identifier (number, ID, etc.)
• Current bug status (e.g., 'Released for Retest', 'New', etc.)
• The application name or identifier and version
• The function, module, feature, object, screen, etc. where the bug occurred
• Environment specifics, system, platform, relevant hardware specifics
• Test case name/number/identifier
• One-line bug description
• Full bug description
• Description of steps needed to reproduce the bug if not covered by a test case or if the developer doesn't have easy access to the test case/test script/test tool
• Names and/or descriptions of file/data/messages/etc. used in test
• File excerpts/error messages/log file excerpts/screen shots/test tool logs that would be helpful in finding the cause of the problem
• Severity estimate (a 5-level range such as 1-5 or 'critical'-to-'low' is common)
• Was the bug reproducible?
• Tester name
• Test date
• Bug reporting date
• Name of developer/group/organization the problem is assigned to
• Description of problem cause
• Description of fix
• Code section/file/module/class/method that was fixed
• Date of fix
• Application version that contains the fix
• Tester responsible for retest
• Retest date
• Retest results
• Regression testing requirements
• Tester responsible for regression tests
• Regression testing results
There are seven stages of the software development lifecycle
1. Initiate the project – The users identify their Business requirements.
2. Define the project – The software development team translates the business requirements into system specifications and put together into System Specification Document.
3. Design the system – The System Architecture Team designs the system and write Functional Design Document. During design phase general solutions re hypothesized and data and process structures are organized.
4. Build the system – The System Specifications and design documents are given to the development team code the modules by following the Requirements and Design document.
5. Test the system - The test team develops the test plan following the requirements. The software is build and installed on the test platform after developers have completed development and Unit Testing. The testers test the software by following the test plan.
6. Deploy the system – After the user-acceptance testing and certification of the software, it is installed on the production platform. Demos and training are given to the users.
7. Support the system - After the software is in production, the maintenance phase of the life begins. During this phase the development team works with the development document staff to modify and enhance the application and the test team works with the test documentation staff to verify and validate the changes and enhancement to the application software.
What is software quality'?
OR
Define software quality for me, as you understand it?
Quality software is reasonably bug-free, delivered on time and within budget, meets requirements and/or expectations, and is maintainable. However, quality is obviously a subjective term. It will depend on who the 'customer' is and their overall influence in the scheme of things. Each type of 'customer' will have their own slant on 'quality' - the accounting department might define quality in terms of profits while an end-user might define quality as user-friendly and bug-free.
What's the role of documentation in QA?
Critical. (Note that documentation can be electronic, not necessarily paper.) QA practices should be documented such that they are repeatable. Specifications, designs, business rules, inspection reports, configurations, code changes, test plans, test cases, bug reports, user manuals, etc. should all be documented. There should ideally be a system for easily finding and obtaining documents and determining what documentation will have a particular piece of information. Change management for documentation should be used if possible.
At what stage of the SDLC does testing begin in your opinion?
QA process starts from the second phase of the Software Development Life Cycle i.e. Define the System. Actual Product testing will be done on Test the system phase (Phase-5). During this phase test team will verify the actual results against expected results.
Explain the pre testing phase, acceptance testing and testing phase.
Pre testing Phase:
1. Review the requirements document for the testability: Tester will use the requirement document to write the test cases.
2. Establishing the hard freeze date: Hard freeze date is a date after which system test team will not accept any more software and documentation changes from development team, unless they are fixes of severity 1 MR’s. The date is scheduled so that product test team will have time for final regression.
3. Writing master test plan: It is written by the lead tester or test coordinator. Master test plan includes entire testing plan, testing resources and testing strategy.
4. Setting up MR Tool: The MR tool must be set as soon as you know of the different modules in the product, the developers and testers on the product, the hardware platform, and operating system testing will be done.
This information will be available upon the completion of the first draft of the architecture document. Both testers and developers are trained how to use the system.
5. Setting up the test environment: The test environment is set on separate machines, database and network. This task is performed by the technical support team. First time it takes some time, Afterwards the same environment can be used by the later releases.
6. Writing the test plan and test cases: Template and the tool is decided to write the test plan, test cases and test procedures. Expected results are organized in the test plan according to the feature categories specified in the requirement document. For each feature positive and negative test cases are written. Writing test plan requires the complete understanding of the product and its interfaces with other systems. After test plan is completed, a walkthrough is conducted with the developers and design team members to baseline the test plan document.
7. Setting up the test automation tool: Planning of test strategy on how to automate the testing. Which test cases will be executed for regression testing. Not all the test cases will be executed during regression testing.
8. Identify acceptance test cases: Select subsets that are expected on the first day of system test. These tests must pass to accept the product in the system test.
Acceptance testing phase:
1. When the product enters system test, check it has completed integration test and must meet the integration test exit criteria.
2. Check integration exit criteria and product test entrance criteria in the master test plan or test strategy documents.
3. Check the integration testing sign off criteria sheet.
4. Coordinate release with product development.
5. How the code will be migrated from development environment to the test environment.
6. Installation and acceptance testing.
Product testing phase:
1. Running the test: Execution of test cases and verify if actual functionality of application matches the expected results.
2. Initial manual testing is recommended to isolate unexpected system behavior. Once application is stable automated regression test could be generated.
3. Issue MR’s upon detection of the bugs.
What is the value of a testing group? How do you justify your work and budget?
All software products contain defects/bugs, despite the best efforts of their development teams. It is important for an outside party (one who is not developer) to test the product from a viewpoint that is more objective and representative of the product user.
Testing group test the software from the requirements point of view or what is required by the user. Testers job is to examine a program and see if it does not do what it is supposed to do and also see what it does what it is not supposed to do.
What is master test plan? What it contains? Who is responsible for writing it?
OR
What is a test plan? Who is responsible for writing it? What it contains.
OR
What's a 'test plan'? What did you include in a test plan?
A software project test plan is a document that describes the objectives, scope, approach, and focus of a software testing effort. The process of preparing a test plan is a useful way to think through the efforts needed to validate the acceptability of a software product. The completed document will help people outside the test group understand the 'why' and 'how' of product validation. It should be thorough enough to be useful but not so thorough that no one outside the test group will read it. The following are some of the items that might be included in a test plan, depending on the particular project:
• Title
• Identification of software including version/release numbers
• Revision history of document including authors, dates, approvals
• Table of Contents
• Purpose of document, intended audience
• Objective of testing effort
• Software product overview
• Relevant related document list, such as requirements, design documents, other test plans, etc.
• Relevant standards or legal requirements
• Trace ability requirements
• Relevant naming conventions and identifier conventions
• Overall software project organization and personnel/contact-info/responsibilties
• Test organization and personnel/contact-info/responsibilities
• Assumptions and dependencies
• Project risk analysis
• Testing priorities and focus
• Scope and limitations of testing
• Test outline - a decomposition of the test approach by test type, feature, functionality, process, system, module, etc. as applicable
• Outline of data input equivalence classes, boundary value analysis, error classes
• Test environment - hardware, operating systems, other required software, data configurations, interfaces to other systems
• Test environment validity analysis - differences between the test and production systems and their impact on test validity.
• Test environment setup and configuration issues
• Software migration processes
• Software CM processes
• Test data setup requirements
• Database setup requirements
• Outline of system-logging/error-logging/other capabilities, and tools such as screen capture software, that will be used to help describe and report bugs
• Discussion of any specialized software or hardware tools that will be used by testers to help track the cause or source of bugs
• Test automation - justification and overview
• Test tools to be used, including versions, patches, etc.
• Test script/test code maintenance processes and version control
• Problem tracking and resolution - tools and processes
• Project test metrics to be used
• Reporting requirements and testing deliverables
• Software entrance and exit criteria
• Initial sanity testing period and criteria
• Test suspension and restart criteria
• Personnel allocation
• Personnel pre-training needs
• Test site/location
• Outside test organizations to be utilized and their purpose, responsibilties, deliverables, contact persons, and coordination issues
• Relevant proprietary, classified, security, and licensing issues.
• Open issues
• Appendix - glossary, acronyms, etc.
The team-lead or a Sr. QA Analyst is responsible to write this document.
Why is test plan a controlled document?
Because it controls the entire testing process. Testers have to follow this test plan during the entire testing process.
What information you need to formulate test plan?
Need the Business requirement document to prepare the test plan.
What is MR?
MR is a Modification Request also known as Defect Report, a request to modify the program so that program does what it is supposed to do.
Why you write MR?
MR is written for reporting problems/errors or suggestions in the software.
What information does MR contain?
OR
Describe me to the basic elements you put in a defect report?
OR
What is the procedure for bug reporting?
The bug needs to be communicated and assigned to developers that can fix it. After the problem is resolved, fixes should be re-tested, and determinations made regarding requirements for regression testing to check that fixes didn't create problems elsewhere. If a problem-tracking system is in place, it should encapsulate these processes. A variety of commercial problem-tracking/management software tools are available.
The following are items to consider in the tracking process:
• Complete information such that developers can understand the bug, get an idea of its severity, and reproduce it if necessary.
• Bug identifier (number, ID, etc.)
• Current bug status (e.g., 'Released for Retest', 'New', etc.)
• The application name or identifier and version
• The function, module, feature, object, screen, etc. where the bug occurred
• Environment specifics, system, platform, relevant hardware specifics
• Test case name/number/identifier
• One-line bug description
• Full bug description
• Description of steps needed to reproduce the bug if not covered by a test case or if the developer doesn't have easy access to the test case/test script/test tool
• Names and/or descriptions of file/data/messages/etc. used in test
• File excerpts/error messages/log file excerpts/screen shots/test tool logs that would be helpful in finding the cause of the problem
• Severity estimate (a 5-level range such as 1-5 or 'critical'-to-'low' is common)
• Was the bug reproducible?
• Tester name
• Test date
• Bug reporting date
• Name of developer/group/organization the problem is assigned to
• Description of problem cause
• Description of fix
• Code section/file/module/class/method that was fixed
• Date of fix
• Application version that contains the fix
• Tester responsible for retest
• Retest date
• Retest results
• Regression testing requirements
• Tester responsible for regression tests
• Regression testing results
posted by dwhfaq | 1:54 PM
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